Sanctuary of Athena Chalkioikos
It is the oldest and most important sanctuary in the Acropolis and the Agora of ancient Sparta. The temple, constructed on the plans of architect Vathycles from Magnesia, had its interior decorated with bronze sheets bearing mythological scenes. From the inscription of Damon (before 430 B.C.), and the reference of ancient writers, it seems that it was known as the sanctuary of Athena "Poliouchos" (Guardian of the City). Both the bronze decoration and the bronze statue of the goddess were made by Spartan artist Gitiadas, who probably renovated the sanctuary at the end of the 6th century B.C.
Worship at the sanctuary was closely linked to the public and military life of the city. The temple was a gathering place for military men and the final destination of the procession of the young armed Spartans. Of great importance are some offerings that were found and today are kept in the Archaeological Museum of Sparta, such as part of a votive shield, a vase in the form of a tiny helmet, a soldier’s figurine etc. A unique piece of work of the Laconian sculpture was also found in the sanctuary area. It is a marble soldier’s body, currently displayed at the Archaeological Museum of Sparta, known as “Leonidas” (480-470 B.C.). The sculpture is incomplete, as the body, without the hands, and the head is only preserved.
During Roman times, the worship of Athena Chalkioikos was overshadowed by the most popular worship at the sanctuary of Artemis Orthia. The sanctuary was abandoned along with other Acropolis buildings during the 4th century A.D., and houses were built in their place.